原文抄录
口述人：李亚芹（女，1942年出生，陕西省泾阳县王桥镇屈家村）
采访人：屈玉凤（女，1993年出生，西安美术学院2012级影视摄影班）
采访时间：2014年1月13号
采访地点：李亚芹家
采访笔记
她是我的奶奶，谈到三年饥饿她说三年饥饿的时候每天挖野菜，她也不念书，每天就求混饱肚子，那时不念书的人很多。
采访抄录
问 “那时候都吃的什么？”
答 “野菜，什么野菜都吃，灰条条（现在用来扎扫帚），苦菊菊（蒲公英的叶子），苜蓿，鲜米芽芽，鲜米芽芽比较好吃，长的像水蒿，用水一煮，一凉调，比较好吃，嘛时候每天除过挖野菜剩下的时间就是上工劳动。”
“还吃什么？”
“玉米皮皮，玉米芯芯，（这两种现在都用来当柴火用）”
“那东西怎么吃？”
“把那打碎，做成馍吃，吃的人都粑不下来（拉不出屎）用钩钩往出掏。塞的，玉米芯芯，做笤帚的桃树，打碎放点面，和点灰条条，做成菜馍，都是野菜，玉米面搅到里面，那时候没有白面，白面吃稀奇里，都是杂面？玉米面桃树面，高梁面，和在一起下点菜，珍珍，熬成一锅，做成诉苦饭，给人留下的纪念，名字是诉苦饭。”
“那时候吃饭怎么吃？”
“到吃饭的时候每个人就荚个碗碗过去吃大锅饭，那刚开始时吃的好，一个大院，中间一个灶.顶饱吃，但是不准拿，后来越吃越不行，最后开始给人限量了，就吃不饱了，人家也不给吃了，一个人一条就八两粮。那时我16了，没啥吃，就过来了，来到了你爷这里，”
“是什么时候？”
“不到61年，那时候这边好点能吃饱，甘肃那边吃不饱，那时我就下来了，老家那边不叫跑叫回去，我就呆在这里了，没有回去，最后就一直呆在这里了。吃大锅饭，你爷吃了给我还带些，跟了你爷后就没受什么苦了，一天把人饿的到处乱跑。”
“那时有饿死的人吗？”
“有么，活又重，又吃不饱，把人又挣又饿，我那时年龄也不大，这边饿死的人不多，有我见过的也有没见过的，你老外爷就饿死了，他问我要馍吃，说吃不饱，让再给他领点粮食吃，他在炕上睡着，饿的动不了，让我拉他一把，我拉他他在炕上转了个圈都没把他拉起来，然后不动了，人家说么吃饱饿死了，男的饭量比较大，。我们老家那边的人，都往这边走，一路上都要饭吃，要着饭过来，陕西这边能要到饭，我们那边要不到，那边人自己的肚子都混不饱，哪有给你吃的粮哩？”
“那时有结婚的吗？”
“有么，不管啥时候都有结婚的，那时结婚简单不像现在，那时就在食堂里领点面，做点烩菜面，就把事过了。我来的时候，领了2斤面，中午做的烩菜面，晚上炒几个菜，把你爷的好朋友一待，连肉都没有，最后杀了个鸡就把事过了，过的简单很，随便就把婚结了，饿饭哩，把肚子混饱就不错了。那时吃的不好穿的不好，娃要得多很，伤的娃多很，”
“为啥伤的多？”
“那时娃爱得四六风，看不好，多少娃得了那个就抽风抽死了，死了挖个坑坑一埋就过去了。”
从奶奶家出来我不知道我的心情能用什么来形容，随便结个婚？有多随便？能混饱肚子就结婚？得病死掉的孩子，也随便挖个坑埋掉？是不是吃饱饭已经是最大愿望了？
口述史整理
只读了几天书，没吃的，成天找野菜
念（书）了几天跟么念一样，念几天都么啥吃就再不念，念几天就吃食堂化哩，吃食堂化哩，
你姥外婆也不供我了，我也么念，成天都饿的胡跑哩，饿得一天提个笼，挖野菜，一天光寻着吃哩。那时候哪来的肉来，哪里有肉吃，么肉，看一年年吃不了一回肉了。
（吃的）野菜，苦苣苣，灰条条，还有打碗花菀莞子，把我都吃伤了，还有那鸡肠，鸡肠就那串串草，就吃的那草。在锅里一煮，出来一榨，一人二两馍，领回来一个蒸馍，一下抓碎，
抓碎跟菜一搅，跟菜一搅就吃那哩，那图多哩。
吃玉米芯，拉不出来
那食堂化吃玉米芯芯，吃玉米桃树，玉米芯芯咋吃，玉米芯芯磨成炒麦吃哩，玉米芯芯打成面面，跟玉米粑粑搅上。那炒麦么 把人吃的，小娃都粑不下，拉不出就掏出来，拿铁丝棍棍往下掏哩。
我爸饿死了
你那老外爷就饿死了，我的爸，我的大人就饿死了。饿死的人不少哩，饭量大的人都饿死了 ，饭量小的人没有饿死的哩。那饿得胀的黄的，饭量大，还吃不饱的，饿得虚肿黄胀的，饭量大，急忙吃不饱就饿死了。
我那时才十五了，那我还年龄小，第二天早上你姥爷叫我扶他哩，我拽着在炕上转了个圈圈，把他拽不起，那就是饿死了。
我那时年龄小，还瓜的知不道，这最后叫其他大人来一看，说是你爸都老了你还拽哩，都么气了，那时你那姥婆么在，就我和你那个舅爷在哩。饿死的人不少哩，还有其他地方的饿死的。
逃荒
我十五了，你姥外爷就饿死了，人吃不上饭么。饿死了你姥婆带我逃活命哩，就把我带到这来了，我那时才十五呢。
头一回来了，被挡回去了，头一回来在北赵那里，北赵就是宝鸡跟前那个车站，让人家挡回去了，把人攒节节给你往回送哩，一天喝的菜末糊、桃树面馍，一个人一个桃树面馍，一碗菜糊糊。
这地方僻背，头回在车站跟前里，人家查黑人黑户哩，查出来就挡走了，你哪的人就把你送到哪，就把你送回去了。
第二回来就没被挡回去。老早那可怜很，到这来吃的就比那老早好，就一天做啥，最后到这来还吃的好，吃得好就是玉米面、苞谷蓁蓁、玉米面馍，几天吃一回麦面，最后那慢慢就好了。
婚姻
说媒
我到这来……嗯，那就散食堂化那一年来的，三月来的，正开杏花哩，你姥婆把我带过来了，你爷找个人说（媒）哩。我那时年龄小，才十六七。你姥婆偷的给我说哩。
那人给谁介绍个媳妇，跑（逃荒）的人多很，给谁介绍媳妇，谁就给几斤粮票，给几块钱
就拿那一天生活哩。（你爷）就打发那人问你姥婆，说你这丫头给人不？寻下家不？（我妈）说给哩。那时候逃活命哩，不管远了近了的，这就说好，说好这就买车票，搭上车（来了）。
相亲
我头回坐车，还么感觉到，就可到了。头一回（见你爷），先见了介绍人，头发又长，脸又脏，脏嘛古董的，穿的烂嘛古董的。那我心里可灵醒着哩，我心想咋那样一个人，我看不上。最后才知道那是介绍人，最后上车呀才是你爷。
你爷戴了个蓝卡基帽子，老早那白丝布衫子，蓝卡基裤，你爷还戴了个眼镜。我嘴上不说，心想这还差不多，还好看很，我看还对着哩，这上了车，你姥婆说这就是你女婿。
“两个鸡蛋”
（人家说你是我爷用两个鸡蛋换来的）两个鸡蛋咋能换回来？那是在车站，么啥吃上，啥都贵很，你爷没有钱，买了两个鸡蛋，那就是老年人说的，两口子一人吃半个，你姥婆吃一个浑的（整个）。你爷（还带着）那个玉米面炒麦，玉米面坨坨
由茂林一下走回来的，茂林车站远很，一下走了一天天都么走到。你姥婆脚就这么长，脚小很，一手长的脚，脚小很，走不动了，走了一天天都么走到。第二天才到的。
成婚
回来这里食堂里领了几斤面，擀的烩菜面，就准过事（办结婚）了。晚上炒了几桌菜，把相好的待了下，这一天就是胡混哩。我户口么来，你爷的粮我两个吃哩，一天胡混哩。
那做饭老婆好，照顾哩，照顾你爷哩，这么大的小盆盆，舀一盆盆饭，一个人二糊稠稀粥舀一瓢。还照顾我哩，给多舀半瓢，一瓢半，你爷回来舀一大碗，剩下都是我的。你爷一大碗还不够，就可出去要着吃人家的锅底，一天胡混哩。混到下半年食堂化就散了，散了就分到各户了，各户慢慢地就好了，慢慢慢慢就比老早强了。
婚后
我那时候刚来，年龄小，我一天不做饭，你爷做哩，我光给烧锅哩。你爷把那玉米面一烫，
白萝卜擦成丝丝子，这一调，那调啥嘛，油少的一个人一点点油，一年年子才分人二斤油，
那玉米面都擀不成，就这么一锊，这把菜放里面就这样一扣，把边边搞得一捏，蒸的角角，
玉米面角角，那阵的人吃的不行。
你爷人好着哩，但是脾气不好，心底好。你爷黑很，人可好看着哩，你爷连个相都么留下。
生育
头两胎流产
我十八添了个，么（没）成；十九又添了个（怀孕），年年坐月（月子）哩。下来就是你大爸爸（指我爸），是第三个，平二十添的你爸么。十八添个（怀孕），十九添个，都不够月（流产），最后才添了你爸、你大姑姑，添你小爸爸（叔叔），添四个。
第五胎、第六胎也没保住
在你大姑姑身底下还把两个伤了，一儿一女，我把四个都么成，一半，那就不够月么，头一个（怀了）八个月，第二个六个月，第三个还是八九个月，不够月么，不够月就小产了。
那老年人说了，头一个再不成那就急忙不得成，那就惯下那病了，急忙不成。到你大爸手里拿药补了的，月月月吃药哩，月月吃两副中药，才补下的你大爸。最后你爸两岁了添了你大姑姑，这最后才好了，最后好了，添了四个
坐月子
我坐月也么人服侍我，我三天下来就做饭，洗尿布，有人服侍了就坐月哩，真正坐月哩 么人服侍了啥都要做哩，做饭，洗尿布，洗衣服，啥都要做哩，么了，我现在两个手疼很，那就是在月子里么忌好么。
你那姥婆远很，靠不上，你爷一天还要给人家到地里做，我三天下来就啥都做哩。那时候的娃要睡过百天才抱哩，现在小小的就抱出来了，你爸刚会走，我给缝个红花花棉袄，蓝花花棉裤，戴个一把抓的红帽子。（他）会走了，可添下你大姑姑。一个人啥都要做哩 ，么人看娃，啥都做哩。
English Transcript
Interviewee: Li Yaqin (female, born in 1942, Qujia Village, Wangqiao, Jiangyang, Shaanxi Province)
Interviewer: Qu Yufeng (female, born in 1993,2012 cohort of Television Photography, Xi’an Academy of Fine Arts)
Time: Jan 13, 2014
Location: Li Yaqin’s home
Notes:
She’s my mother. Speaking of the Three Years of Great Famine, she said that she dug for wild vegetables every day. She didn’t go to school. She just wanted to have enough food. Many people didn’t go to school.
Transcript:
Qu: What did you eat then?
Li: Wild vegetables. Every kind of them. Huitiaotiao (now we use it for broomsticks), kujuju (dandelion leaves), alfalfa, some kind of sprouts that look like selengensis. We boiled the sprouts and cooled them down. They tasted okay. We spent all the time after work digging up things.
Qu: What else did you eat?
Li: Corn cobs and husks (now we use them as firewood).
Qu: How did you eat them?
Li: We grinded them and made buns. People who had those couldn’t shit; they had to pull their shit out. We used corn cobs and peach trees for broomsticks. We mixed them with flour and huitiaotiao and made vegetable buns. All were wild vegetables. We didn’t have white flour but corn flour. White flour was rare. Corn flour, peach tree flour and Sorghum flour, with vegetables. We steamed these and made those into “speaking bitterness meals” for commemoration.
Qu: How did you have meals?
Li: At meal times, everyone went to the great pot with a bowl. At first, the food was nice. One stove in a big yard and you could eat till you were full. You couldn’t take food out though. Then things got worse. People’s rations were limited and people couldn’t eat enough. People didn’t give out food anymore. One person only got 8 liang of food. I was 16 and had nothing to eat, so I came over to your grandfather.
Qu: When was that?
Li: Before 61. There was more food here. Not so much in Gansu. So I came. I stayed here as much I could till forever. When eating from the great pot, your grandfather would give me some food. After being with your grandfather, I stopped suffering and being hungry all day.
Qu: Did someone starve to death?
Li: Yes. Work was heavy and food was scarce. People had to work and starve. I was young. Not many starved to death. I knew some of them. Your great grandfather starved to death. He asked me for buns and said he was hungry. He was sleeping on the kang (a heated brick bed) and stopped moving. I dragged him but couldn’t bring him up after making him rotate on the kang. He didn’t move ever since. People told me that he starved to death; men had a bigger appetite. People from my hometown were all coming this way, asking for food on the way. Here at Shaanxi, people could spare some food. In my hometown, no one would give you food because they couldn’t even feed themselves.
Qu: Did people marry at that time?
Li: Yes. People marry regardless of time. Weddings then were very simple. Not like today’s weddings. People would grab some noodles from the canteen and made some vegetable noodle soups. That was it. When I came here to get married, we had 2 jin of noodles. We made vegetable noodle soups for lunch and stir-fried some vegetables for dinner. We treated your grandfather’s good friends. We didn’t have meat. Butchered a chicken though. The wedding was very simple and casual. People were generally hungry, so a full meal was nice enough. We didn’t eat or wear good things. Had many kids but many of them were sick.
Qu: Why were they sick?
Li: Lots of kids got tetanus. Couldn’t be cured. Many kids had spasms and died. We dug holes to bury the kids.
